Cathedral of Syracuse


Cathedral of Syracuse

Herbert Frank - CC2.0

 Maps

 Piazza Duomo - Siracusa (SR)

The Cathedral of Syracuse, also known as Metropolitan Cathedral of the Nativity of Maria Santissima , is considered the most important church in the city of Syracuse, and has become part of the heritage of humanity UNESCO .
The site where the Cathedral stands has always been destined, since ancient times, to host a place of worship. In the 6th century BC the Temple of Athena was built on the ruins of a pre-existing temple. In the seventh century, at the time of Bishop Zosimo, the temple of Athena was incorporated into a Christian building, dedicated to the Nativity of Mary: walls were raised to close the space between the columns of the peristyle and eight arches opened in the central cell, to allow the passage to the two lateral naves thus obtained. The imposing Doric columns are still visible today on the left side, both outside and inside the building. It was probably transformed into a mosque during the Arab domination, and remodeled in the Norman era. The terrible earthquake of 1693 destroyed the Norman facade and the bell tower which was never rebuilt. During the restoration works following the earthquake, the church was embellished internally and the façade was rebuilt on the outside.
The current façade, a masterpiece of the Palermo architect Andrea Palma, one of the best Baroque testimonies of Syracuse, was built between 1728 and 1754. The soft lines of the baroque facades are combined with the imposing Doric columns immersed in the perimeter walls making the cathedral one of the most evocative churches in Italy. Il sagrato si apre con un’elegante scalinata, il prospetto è a due piani, coronati da un frontone ed ha la colonna come modulo compositivo. Due statue di San Pietro e San Paolo affiancano la scalinata, mentre al secondo ordine troviamo quelle di San Marciano, Santa Lucia e, nell’edicola centrale, la cosiddetta Vergine del Piliere, opere di Ignazio Marabitti. L'ingresso è preceduto da un atrio con un bel portale fiancheggiato da due colonne a torciglioni, lungo le cui spire si avvolgono rami d'uva.
L'interno è a tre navate con impianto basilicale. La navata centrale è coperta da un cinquecentesco soffitto ligneo a travature scoperte. Il pavimento, marmoreo e policromo, fu voluto dal vescovo Bellomo e realizzato nel 1444. Il lato destro della navata laterale è delimitato dalle colonne del tempio, che oggi danno accesso alle cappelle.
Tra le opere di notevole pregio conservate nel duomo spiccano: un paliotto argenteo del Settecento; una statua d’argento di santa Lucia, opera di Pietro Rizzo del 1599; una tavola con San Zosimo, attribuita ad Antonello da Messina; le molte statue dei Gagini tra cui quella della Vergine, quella di Santa Lucia e quella della Madonna della Neve; quadri su legno e su tela di epoca bizantina; un artistico coro in noce del Quattrocento; un fonte battesimale, formato da un cratere greco in marmo sostenuto da sette leoncini in ferro battuto del Duecento; un organo e la cantoria in legno dorato con ornamenti a stile corinzio risalenti al Quattrocento.

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